There are a variety of products on the market at present which fall under the above heading.
The main ones can be placed in 7 categories, these being :-

1. Engine Degreasers
2. Rust Removers
3. Car Shampoos
4. Interior Car Cleaners
5. Automatic Car Shampoos
6. Screen Wash
7. Aluminium Bodied Vehicle Cleaner

1. Engine Degreasers

These are usually solvent/detergent combinations, with the solvent being present to
dissolve engine grease and similar oily dirt. The function of the detergent is that of
a penetrating and wetting agent, whilst acting as an emulsifying agent to help carry
off the solvent after it has dissolved the oil or grease from the surface in question.
Two suitable formulations which we offer to customers are as follows :-

ED1

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
Odourless Kerosene		90.0%
BIOSOFT 411E	MIPA Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate	6.0%
NINOL 49CE	Coconut Diethanolamide	4.0%

ED2

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
White Spirit		95.0%
BIOSOFT 411E	MIPA Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate	5.0%

Manufacture is simply achieved by stirring the surfactants into the solvent
whilst cold. They are both excellent solvent degreaser systems and are
applied to the surface to be cleaned by means of a brush. They are then
easily removed along with the solubilised grease in the form of an emulsion
by rinsing with water. The solvents odourless kerosene and white spirit are
both of course highly inflammable and the necessary precautions should be taken
when handling them.

2. Rust Removers

Generally, these products are viscous liquids of high acidity containing wetting and
emulsifying agents. In the two formulations given below, phosphoric acid is the
acid chosen to remove the ferrous oxide layers, whilst the various surfactants
offered apart from wetting and emulsifying, also help thicken up the product.
Amine O is included as an anti rusting agent.

Two formulations we offer to customers are :-

RR1

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
Phosphoric Acid	Phosphoric Acid	20.0%
SURFAC JH500	Alcohol Ethoxylate	20.0%
Amine O	Imidazoline Derivative	0.2%
Water		balance

RR2

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
Phosphoric Acid	Phosphoric Acid	10.0%
BIOSOFT LA ACID	Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Low 2- Phenyl	10.0%
SURFAC CM50/A	Coconut Monoethanolamine + 5 EO	10.0%
Amine O	Imidazoline Derivative	0.2%
Water		balance

To manufacture both the above products, the Amine O is initially mixed in with the
water and phosphoric acid. The surfactants are then thoroughly mixed in, with the
BIOSOFT LA ACID being added before the SURFAC CM50/A in formulation RR2.

Formula RR1 is a clear yellow viscous liquid and should be applied to rusty surfaces
by means of a brush. The mixture should be left in contact with the metal for
several minutes to ensure complete reaction with any rust, before being washed
off with water.

Formula RR2 is a greyish runny gel, applied similarly to RR1. The gel-like nature
of this product ensures good adhesion to metallic surfaces.

3. Car Shampoos

Car shampoos are normally liquid detergent/shampoo formulations. Vehicles usually
collect both dry and sticky soils, and whilst dry soil can be washed away with water,
sticky or oily soils require the use of a neutral synthetic emulsifying type detergent.
The main functions of a car shampoo are that they should remove this road dirt
whilst not removing the protective polish on the vehicle, and at the same time
rinse without streaking or leaving powdery deposits. Amine neutralised products
are usually preferred in this context as they minimise streaking on drying.

Suggested formulations are as follows :-

CS1

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
BIOSOFT N300	C10-16, Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid, Triethanolamine Salt	35.0%
SURFAC CM50/A	Coconut Monoethanolamine + 5EO	4.0%
Formalin	Formaldehyde	0.2%
Water		balance

CS2

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
BIOSOFT N300	C10-16, Alkylbenzene sulfonic Acid, Triethanolamine Salt	30.0%
Surfac UN9090	Alcohol Ethoxylate	5.0%
NINOL 49CE	Coconut Diethanolamide	3.0%
Formalin	Formaldehyde	0.2%
Water		balance

For manufacture, the materials are mixed consecutively into the water until a
homogeneous liquid results. Dilution for use of the above is in the region of
10 gms to 5 litres of water and during use a copious stable foam will be produced.

It is desirable nowadays for shampoos to include a wax within their formulation.
This provides a shiny finish to the metal surfaces without having to use a separate
wax polish after the completion of the vehicle wash. These are carefully formulated
unstable emulsions, which upon dilution during washing give a physical separation of
the wax which is then deposited on the metal surface.

Owing to the high cost of waxes at present, their level of inclusion within these products is very low.

A suggested formulation is :-

CS3

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
BIOSOFT N300	C10-16, Alkylbenzenesulfonic Acid, Triethanolamine Salt	30.0%
NINOL 40CO-E	Coconut Diethanolamide + Glycerine	3.0%
SURFAWAX 52AE	Polyethene Wax Emulsion	11.52%
Formalin	Formaldehyde	0.2%
Water		balance

For manufacture, it is necessary to heat the detergent system, and to add the
SURFAWAX 52AE to the mix, continuing stirring until cool. This will give a stable
dispersion of the wax. Formalin should only be added after the temperature
has fallen below 40°C.

Again the dilution for use is 10 gms to 5 litres of water, and following the wash the
metallic parts should be wiped over with a soft cloth for a good shiny finish.

CS4 (High Quality Car Wash Shampoo)

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
50% NaOH	50% Sodium Hydroxide	6.2%
BIOSOFT LA ACID	Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Low 2-phenyl	23.8%
STEOL BES 70 D5	Sodium Laureth Sulfate	13.0%
SURFAC AO30	Ammonyx LO	5.0%
SURFAC LB3	Lauryl Betaine	5.0%
SURFAC OP10	Octyl Phenol +10EO	5.0%
Water		balance

CS5 (Economical Cash Wash Shampoo)

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
50% NaOH	50% Sodium Hydroxide	5.4%
BIOSOFT LA ACID	Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Low 2-phenyl	20.6%
SURFAC LB3	Lauryl Betaine	10.0%
Salt to thicken		qs
Water		balance

4. Interior Car Cleaners

There are two such cleaners in common use, the PVC upholstery cleaner and the
fabric type upholstery cleaner. For PVC the cleaners are usually liquid which are
rubbed into the upholstery with a brittle brush and after rinsing are wiped dry with
a cloth.

Our suggested formulation contains BIOSOFT SDBS25 for detergency and wetting,
and SURFAC K21 for high alkalinity to aid in the removal of oil and grease.
SURFAC SXS30 is present as a hydrotrope, and a solvent, SURFAC BG included
to help the SURFAC K21 in oil removal. The material has been thickened slightly
by the addition of Natrosol 250HR.

Our formulation is :-

UC1

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
BIOSOFT SDBS25	Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate	8.0%
SURFAC K21	Potassium Polyphosphate 48%	8.0%
STEPANATE SXS30	Sodium Xylene Sulfonate	10.0%
SURFAC BG	Butyl Glycol	5.0%
Formalin	Formaldehyde	0.2%
Natrosol 250 HR	Hydroxyethylcellulose	0.6%
Water		balance

To manufacture, the Natrosol is dissolved in the water with good agitation.
The remaining materials are added consecutively and stirred in, until a
homogeneous liquid results. The amount of Natrosol may be varied depending
on the final viscosity required.

For fabric type upholstery more detergency and foam is necessary and therefore
a large percentage of SURFAC SLS28 is included along with a foam booster and
stabiliser Lauric monoisopropanolamide flake. Before use the material should be
diluted by 1:9 with water.

Upholstery cleaners should not leave behind a "sticky" residue following use,
otherwise the fabric upholstery will re-soil at an accelerated rate. The choice
of the components of our formulation UC2 has been made to ensure that a "dry"
residue is obtained - this can then be brushed or vacuumed from the fabric.

UC2

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
STEPANOL WA-EXTRA-E	Sodium Lauryl Sulfate	35.0%
Lauric monoisopropanolamide flake	Lauric Monoisopropanolamide Flake	3.0%
STEPANATE SXS 30	Sodium Xylene Sulfonate	15.0%
SURFAC BG	Butyl Glycol	5.0%
Formalin	Formaldehyde	0.2%
Water		balance

The STEPANOL WA-EXTRA-E and STEPANATE SXS30 are added to the water and stirred in.
The Lauric monoisopropanolamide flake is then added and the solution heated to
aid dispersion of the solid nonionic. When the solution has cooled somewhat
the SURFAC BG and Formalin are stirred in.

5. Automatic Car Shampoos

Owing to the difficulties of dispersing powdered shampoos in cold water, car wash
shampoos are generally preferred in the liquid form. It is frequently necessary to
include in these liquid formulations an adequate level of solubiliser to prevent separation
during prolonged storage at low temperatures, ie, phosphate esters or aromatic sulphonates.

The surfactants recommended for the open automatic spray car wash are usually low
foaming nonionic surfactants. For funnel type car wash equipment the addition of anionic
detergents is desirable for increasing foaming properties and imparting lubricity to prolong
the life of the bristles and prevent them from scratching the car finish.

Sequestering agents may also be incorporated, ie, polyphosphates, and corrosion inhibitors
such as potassium nitrite, sodium benzoate or sodium metasilicate.

Two formulations which we offer are as follows:

AS1 (Automatic Open Spray Type)

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
SURFAC HT10	PO160 Block Copolymer	20.0%
STEPANATE SXS30	Sodium Xylene Sulfate	10.0%
Simet AG	Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous	0.5%
SURFAC K21	Potassium Polyphosphate 48%	0.5%
Formalin	Formaldehyde	0.2%
Water		balance

To manufacture, the inorganics should be dissolved in the cold water, before the
remaining materials are added and stirred in to give a clear homogeneous liquid.

AS3 (Car Shampoo - High Foam (Automatic Brush Wash Equipment))

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
STEOL BES27	Sodium Laureth Sulfate	71.0%
SURFAC SB09	Cocoamido Sulfobetaine	10.0%
SURFAC HG	Hexylene Glycol	6.0%
Deoinised Water		13.0%
Dye		qs

To manufacture, add the Steol BES27 to the water followed by Hexylene Glycol
and then the dye. Finally add the SURFAC SB09. This formula produces a product
with large amounts of coloured foam.

Car Wash and Wax Shampoos

These formulations are designed for manual car washing.

CW1

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
BIOSOFT SDBS25	Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate	48.0%
STEOL BES27	Sodium Laureth Sulfate	10.0%
SURFAWAX 52AE	Polyethylene Wax Emulsion	11.52%
SURFAC B4	Cocamidopropyl Betaine	1.0%
Water		balance

CW2

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
BIOSOFT N300	C10-16, Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid, Triethanolamine	30.0%
NINOL 40CO-E	Coconut Diethanolamide Glycerine	3.0%
SURFAWAX 52AE	Polyethylene Wax Emulsion	11.52%
Water		balance

In hard water areas, the inclusion of SURFACARE L30 will greatly enhance foaming properties
of these formulations.

Dilution for use is approximately 10 gms to 5 litres of water. Following the wash metallic
paints should be wiped over with soft cloth for a good shiny finish.

CW3 (Foaming Wax (Wash 'n' Wax))

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
SURFAC WRL	Wax Rinse Concentrate	8.0%
SURFAC LB3	Lauryl Betaine	16.0%
Water		balance

The formula above has been successfully used as a foaming wax. It is especially suitable
for self-service car washes and 'Wash 'n' Wax' products designed for consumer home use.
This formulation can be thickened with 0.5 - 1.0% METHOCEL F4M (Dow Chemical).

6. SCREEN WASH

This formulation is formulated to efficiently remove soil and grease and with windscreen
wiper use, dry leaving no streaks or smears. This formulation will give a basic screen
wash for winter's low temperatures. If the IPA content is increased to 40 - 50%, then
it should prevent freezing up.

SW1

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
SURFAC OT/PG	Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate in Propylene Glycol	1.0%
SURFAC IPA	Isopropanol	15.0-20.0%
Water		balance

7. ALUMINIUM BODIED VEHICLE CLEANER

As aluminium is susceptible to acid and caustic attack, the following formulation
which has no caustic is recommended.

AC1

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
SURFAC K18	Potassium Polyphosphate 32%	25.0%
Simet 5GS	Sodium Metasilicate Penta hydrate	8.0%
SURFAC LB3	Lauryl Betaine	5.0%
SURFAC GM880	Alcohol Ethoxylate	2.0%
SURFAC SXS30	Sodium Xylene Sulfonate	7.0%
Water		53.0%

A solvent containing formulation is recommended for heavily soiled or greased vehicles.

Product	Chemical Description	% W/W
SURFAC TSP CRYSTALS	Tripolyphosphate	8.3%
BIOSOFT SDBS25	Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate	4.0%
SURFAC IPA	Isopropyl Alcohol	4.4%
SURFAC BG	Butyl Glycol	1.3%
Water		85.0%

All quantities unless otherwise shown are stated as weight for weight.

Endeavours have been made to ensure that the information given is reliable, but notwithstanding this, and except for those obligations and liabilities that cannot be excluded by operation of law, neither Surfachem Group Ltd nor any of its subsidiary or associated companies assume any obligation or liability arising from the information given, the recommendations made or the use of their respective products. You are referred to the standard terms and conditions of the supplying company which apply. Certain applications may have the benefit of patent registration and you are therefore recommended in your own interest to take appropriate steps to avoid the infringement of such.

SURFAC, SURFACARE and SURQUEST are registered trade marks to Surfachem Group Ltd. Material sold under the Surfachem Group Ltd trade marks are manufactured by 3rd party suppliers.